Tailandia, un rey visionario, un ejemplo para el Sur



Por Jorge Chediek y Bernardo Kliksberg   El pueblo de Tailandia está honrando la memoria del Rey Bhumibol Adulyadej, premio de la ONU al desarrollo humano. Este Rey, multifacético, visitó y ayudó a mejorar cada aldea de su país, fue el creador de la “filosofía de la suficiencia económica” (SEP), una vía muy importante para el desarrollo sustentable, e impulsó que el país la llevara vigorosamente a la Cooperación SUR-SUR. Tailandia se ha convertido en una experiencia modelo en este campo. A través de cooperación directa, y triangular, está ayudando a 120 países. Fue uno de los primeros países del Sur que pasó de receptor a dador de cooperación. La Cooperación Norte-Sur, la SUR-SUR que la complementa y la triangular son claves para implementar los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (SDGs) adoptados por la ONU. La cooperación de Tailandia está totalmente orientada por la SEP. La SEP tuvo gran efectividad en sacar al país de la crisis económica de 1997/8. Se aplica en todos los aspectos del sistema productivo. Tiene tres componentes: razonabilidad o sabiduría, en el análisis de las situaciones, moderación en la elección de cursos de acción, y prudencia en el manejo del riesgo. Tiene dos condiciones subyacentes, conocimiento y moralidad. La moralidad implica virtudes como perseverancia, honestidad y altruismo. Desde este enfoque holístico, el Rey critica el énfasis en “los tigres asiáticos”. Dice que lo más importante no es el crecimiento acelerado sino mantener y desarrollar una economía balanceada. Está apuntando a la sostenibilidad. La SEP también subraya que las actividades económicas de un país no deben tener efectos negativos en otros. Tailandia aplicó masivamente la SEP internamente, opera en 23.000 comunidades, y orienta el diseño de los planes nacionales de desarrollo. El país integró enérgicamente la SEP a su cooperación SUR-SUR. Procura convertirse en un centro de aprendizaje y enseñanza de la misma. Creó una agencia de desarrollo, un Fondo de cooperación entre países vecinos, y proporcionó importante ayuda a Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, y Myanmar. Fue elegida por países como Japón y Alemania, para financiar algunos de sus proyectos SUR-SUR en esquemas triangulares. Al mismo tiempo que cooperó intensivamente con los países vecinos, no se ha limitado a ello. Desarrolló proyectos en el Sudeste Asiático, Medio Oriente, África, América Latina, y el Caribe. Sus proyectos multisectoriales engloban no solo a los gobiernos sino también a las empresas, sociedad civil, y otros actores. En la visión precursora del Rey la SEP puede contribuir mucho a los SDGs, transformándose en un proceso de pensar para ellos. En definitiva la SEP cuestiona que haya un foco total en las ganancias y pide tener en cuenta los intereses de todos los actores. Tiene una aproximación muy similar a concepciones como la de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial centrada en el respeto a los intereses de los stakeholders (los involucrados) y en la sostenibilidad de largo plazo. La SEP, gran contribución SUR-SUR de Tailandia, se está difundiendo crecientemente internacionalmente. El ejemplo de Tailandia valida el inmenso potencial de la cooperación SUR-SUR, y estimula a los países en desarrollo a redoblar esfuerzos para empujar desde ella, el avance de los SDGs. La humanidad toda debe sumarse al homenaje al “Rey Bueno” que tanto hizo por los humildes de su país, dijo a la BBC que el hambre era el primer problema, creó la SEP, y abrió nuevos caminos a la Cooperación SUR-SUR.   Jorge Chediek es Director de la Oficina de la ONU de Cooperación SUR-SUR Bernanrdo Kliksberg es Asesor Estratégico de la Dirección de la Oficina kliksberg@aol.com   Fuente: El Universal – http://www.eluniversal.com/noticias/opinion/tailandia-rey-visionario-ejemplo-para-sur_675922    

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